This 2nd Edition of the TSRA Review, edited by the Thoracic Surgery Residents Association (TSRA) and authored by thoracic surgery residents from the United States and North American training programs, is a summary of critical information that cardiothoracic surgeons need to be familiar with. This 2nd edition of the Review includes updated guidelines and additional chapters to offer a broad review of topics in General Thoracic Surgery, Adult Cardiac Surgery, Congenital Cardiac Surgery, and Cardiothoracic Trauma and Critical Care. The TSRA is an organization that represents all thoracic surgery residents in the United States.