The aim of this chapter is to focus on the selected problems in tuberculosis. The global tuberculosis (TB) burden is higher than expected and estimated previously. In the year 2015, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported 10.4 million new TB cases worldwide, 10% among children. There were an estimated 1.4 million TB deaths. The book on selected problems in TB tends to elucidate special clinical approach to this global health problem. This book consists of 20 chapters, which include microbiology of mycobacterium tuberculosis and laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis, epidemiology of tuberculosis, latent tuberculosis, diagnosis of tuberculosis, lymph node tuberculosis, bronchogenic tuberculosis, miliary tuberculosis, tuberculosis effusion and the role of closed pleural biopsy and pleuroscopy, childhood tuberculosis, pulmonary diseases caused by nontuberculous mycobacterium, management of the adverse effects of antituberculosis drugs, vitamin D and tuberculosis, and surgery for pulmonary tuberculosis. The main purpose of this book is to provide medical fraternity broad review of possible clinical manifestations of TB. It is written for general practitioners, internists and pulmonologists. The book may provide also medical students with much useful information.